Tables
Table 38. Plant remains from 1986 flotation samples (weights in grams).
Table 39. Weights (in grams) of plant food remains from 1986 flotation samples.
Table 40. Percentage of plant food remains from 1986 flotation samples.
Table 41. Densities of plant remains in features (1986 flotation samples).
Table 42. Seed and fruit counts from 1986 flotation samples.
Table 43. Absolute and relative quantities of nutshell.
Table 44. Ubiquity of plant taxa from the Fredricks site as percentage of features.
Table 45. Percentage of plant food remains from the Fredricks site (1983-1986 flotation samples).
Table 46. Percentage of seeds and fruits from the Fredricks site, 1983-1986.
The authors of Excavating Occaneechi Town (Web edition) recognize that, while all the information recovered in an archaeological excavation has scientific importance, it may be inappropriate to display or view some of that information, such as photographs of human bones, in a public or instructional context. Therefore, we have provided two versions of this edition. The Professional Version provides access to all of the information about the site; the Instructional Version provides access to all of the information except for photographs of human burials.
==============================================================================
Soil
Volume Plant Wood/ Other Weight Plant Food
Context (l) Remains Stem Unknown Type (g) Remains
=========================================================================================
Burials/Probable Burials
Feature 31 30 12.04 10.58 0.29 - - 1.17
Feature 49 20 15.18 13.34 1.18 - - 0.66
Feature 54 (Bu. 14) 20 16.88 16.33 0.22 - - 0.33
Sub-total 70 44.10 40.25 1.69 - - 2.16
Pits and Basins
Feature 42 40 14.41 11.84 1.16 - - 1.41
Feature 44 60 140.30 86.5 2.49 Unidentified bud * 51.31
Feature 45 20 15.04 11.25 0.82 Root/rhizome 0.08 2.89
Feature 46 20 17.85 16.07 0.46 - - 1.32
Feature 47 30 38.08 34.46 0.56 Root/rhizome 0.01 3.05
Feature 51 30 32.04 28.65 1.41 Root/rhizome * 1.98
Feature 53 90 136.19 113.09 6.96 Root/rhizome 0.02 16.12
Feature 55 10 0.38 0.25 0.04 Root/rhizome 0.02 0.07
Feature 56 60 35.76 29.43 1.97 - - 4.36
Feature 57 10 1.47 1.3 0.12 - - 0.05
Feature 58 20 5.40 3.08 0.45 - - 1.87
Feature 59 30 22.72 19.64 1.73 Pedicel/peduncle 0.01 1.34
Feature 61 10 0.88 0.71 0.04 - - 0.13
Sub-total 430 460.52 356.27 18.21 - 0.14 85.90
Total 500 504.62 396.52 19.90 - 0.14 88.06
======================================================================================
Notes: * - trace (<0.005 g); Feature 53 includes one heavy fraction sampled at 50%;
Feature 56 includes two heavy fractions sampled at 50%.=========================================================================================
Hickory Acorn Juglandaceae Maize Common
Shell Meat Shell Kernels Seeds Bean
| | | | | |
| | | | Maize | |
| Acorn | Walnut | Peach | and | Cucurbit |
Context | Shell | Shell | Pit | Glumes | Rind | Total
=========================================================================================
Burials/Probable Burials
Fea. 31 1.00 0.04 - - - - 0.01 - 0.12 - - 1.17
Fea. 49 0.19 0.15 - - - 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.03 * - 0.66
Fea. 54/Bu.14 0.14 0.14 - - - - 0.01 0.04 - - - 0.33
Sub-total 1.33 0.33 - - - 0.07 0.17 0.11 0.15 * - 2.16
Pits and Basins
Fea.42 1.04 0.14 - 0.02 - - 0.02 0.17 0.02 - - 1.41
Fea.44 50.02 0.01 - - 0.02 0.19 0.72 0.23 0.12 - - 51.31
Fea.45 2.78 0.02 - - - - 0.02 0.05 0.02 - - 2.89
Fea.46 0.85 0.03 - - - 0.16 - 0.23 0.05 - - 1.32
Fea.47 2.47 * - - - - 0.12 0.42 0.04 - - 3.05
Fea.51 1.42 0.05 - 0.01 - 0.09 0.24 0.16 0.01 - - 1.98
Fea.53 8.59 0.53 4.42 0.51 0.11 0.47 0.75 0.30 0.43 - 0.01 16.12
Fea.55 - 0.03 - - 0.04 - - - - - - 0.07
Fea.56 3.70 0.03 - 0.07 - 0.20 0.05 0.31 0.20 - - 4.36
Fea.57 - - - - 0.05 - - - - - - 0.05
Fea.58 1.68 0.05 - 0.08 - - * 0.03 0.03 - - 1.87
Fea.59 0.96 0.09 - - 0.05 - 0.11 0.10 0.03 - - 1.34
Fea.61 0.12 - - - - - * 0.01 * - - 0.13
Sub-total 73.63 0.98 4.42 0.69 0.27 1.11 2.03 1.81 0.95 - 0.01 85.90
Total 74.96 1.31 4.42 0.69 0.27 1.18 2.20 1.92 1.10 * 0.01 88.06
======================================================================================
Note: * - trace.=========================================================================================
Hickory Acorn Juglandaceae Total Cucurbit
Shell Meat Shell Maize Rind
Plant | | | | |
Food | Acorn | Walnut | Peach | | Common
Context Remains(g) | Shell | Shell | Pit | Seeds | Bean
=========================================================================================
Burials/Probable Burials
Feature 31 1.17 85.5 3.4 - - - - 3.4 10.3 - -
Feature 49 0.66 28.8 22.7 - - - 10.6 33.3 4.5 * -
Feature 54 (Bu. 14) 0.33 42.4 42.4 - - - - 15.2 - - -
Sub-total 2.16 61.6 15.3 - - - 3.2 13 6.9 * -
Pits and Basins
Feature 42 1.41 73.8 12.3 - 1.4 - - 13.5 1.4 - -
Feature 44 51.31 97.5 * - - tr 0.4 1.9 0.2 - -
Feature 45 2.89 96.2 0.7 - - - - 2.4 0.7 - -
Feature 46 1.32 64.4 2.3 - - - 12.1 17.4 3.8 - -
Feature 47 3.05 81.0 * - - - - 17.7 1.3 - -
Feature 51 1.98 71.7 2.5 - 0.5 - 4.5 20.2 0.5 - -
Feature 53 16.12 53.3 3.3 27.4 3.2 0.7 2.9 6.5 2.7 - 0.1
Feature 55 0.07 - 42.9 - - 57.1 - - - - -
Feature 56 4.36 84.9 0.7 - 1.6 - 4.6 3.7 4.6 - -
Feature 57 0.05 - - - - 100 - - - - -
Feature 58 1.87 89.8 2.7 - 4.3 - - 1.6 1.6 - -
Feature 59 1.34 71.6 6.7 - - 3.7 - 15.7 2.2 - -
Feature 61 0.13 92.3 - - - - - 7.7 * - -
Sub-total 85.90 85.7 1.1 5.1 0.8 0.3 1.3 4.5 1.1 * *
Total 88.06 85.1 1.5 5.0 0.8 0.3 1.3 4.7 1.2 * *
=======================================================================================
Note: * - trace (<.05%).=============================================================================
Liters Plant Remains Plant Food Remains Seeds
Context of Fill per Liter per Liter per Liter
=============================================================================
Burials/Probable Burials
Feature 31 30 0.40 0.04 0.20
Feature 49 20 0.26 0.03 1.85
Feature 54/Bu.14 20 0.84 0.02 0.20
Sub-total 70 0.63 0.03 0.67
Pits and Basins
Feature 42 40 0.36 0.04 0.42
Feature 44 60 2.34 0.86 0.60
Feature 45 20 0.75 0.14 0.50
Feature 46 20 0.90 0.07 0.90
Feature 47 30 1.27 0.10 1.27
Feature 51 30 1.07 0.07 0.97
Feature 53 90 1.51 0.18 1.40
Feature 55 10 0.04 0.01 0.00
Feature 56 60 0.60 0.07 0.38
Feature 57 10 0.15 * 0.00
Feature 58 20 0.27 0.09 0.70
Feature 59 30 0.76 0.04 0.53
Feature 61 10 0.09 0.01 0.20
Sub-total 430 1.07 0.20 0.77
Total 500 1.01 0.18 0.75
============================================================================
Note: * - trace.================================================================================================================
Fea. Fea. Bu. Fea. Fea. Fea. Fea. Fea. Fea. Fea. Fea. Fea. Fea. Fea.
Taxon 31 49 14 42 44 45 46 47 51 53 56 58 59 61 Total
================================================================================================================
Cultigens
Maize Cupules/Glumes - 12 3 13 15 4 7 23 10 14 6 3 7 1 118
Maize Kernels 1 6 1 4 10 1 - 4 11 13 4 2 3 - 60
Common Bean - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1
Watermelon - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1
Fleshy Fruits
Persimmon 2 - - - 2 - - - - - 1 1 1 - 7
Maypops 2 1 - - - - - 1 - 19 - 1 1 - 25
Bramble 1 - - - - - - 1 - 1 1 2 - - 6
Grape - - - - - - - 1 2 11 1 2 1 - 18
Sumac - 4 - - - 1 - - - 3 - - - - 8
Hawthorn - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1
Huckleberry - - - - - 1 2 - - 7 1 - - - 10
Stawberry - - - - - 1 2 - - - - - - - 2
Groundcherry - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - 3
Elderberry - - - - - - - - - 2 1 - - - 3
Vaccinium - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1
Grains/Weeds
Knotweed - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 2
Amaranth - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1
Unidentified Legume - 4 - - - - - 1 - - 1 - - - 6
Unidentifed Grass - - - - 1 - - - - 2 - 1 - - 4
Greens
Poke - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1
Miscellaneous
Bearsfoot - - - - 1 - - - 1 2 - - - - 4
Bedstraw - - - - 1 1 1 1 35 - - 1 1 42
Tupelogum - - - - 4 - 1 2 - - 1 - - - 8
Nightshade family - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1
Unknown - 9 - - - 1 3 5 3 14 5 1 1 - 42
Total 6 37 4 17 36 10 18 38 29 126 23 14 16 2 376
====================================================================================================================================================================================
1986 1983-1986
Excavation Season Excavation Seasons
Nutshell Type (g) (%) (g) (%)
====================================================================
Hickory 74.96 97.1 155.25 95.0
Acorn 1.31 1.7 5.19 3.2
Walnut 0.69 0.9 2.65 1.6
Juglandaceae 0.27 0.3 0.27 0.2
Total 77.23 100.0 163.36 100.0
==================================================================================================================
Number of
Taxon Features Percent Rank
==============================================
Cultigens
Maize 45 86.5 2
Common Bean 10 19.2 10
Pepo 7 13.5 12
Watermelon 1 1.9 18
Tree Crops
Peach 25 48.1 4
Nuts
Hickory 48 92.3 1
Acorn 40 76.9 3
Walnut 18 34.6 6
Fleshy Fruits
Persimmon 14 26.9 8
Maypops 13 25.0 9
Bramble 10 38.5 5
Sumac 9 17.3 11
Hawthorn 3 5.8 16
Huckleberry 5 9.6 14
Strawberry 2 3.8 17
Groundcherry 9 17.3 11
Elderberry 3 5.8 16
Vaccinium sp. 5 9.6 14
Nightshade 5 9.6 14
Viburnum? sp. 2 3.8 17
Grains/Weeds
Knotweed 4 7.7 15
Amaranth 1 1.9 18
Chenopod 3 5.8 16
Unidentified Legume 6 11.5 13
Unidentified Grass 7 13.5 12
Greens
Poke 4 7.7 15
Miscellaneous
Lespedeza? sp. 1 1.9 18
Wood Sorrel 1 1.9 18
Unidentified "A" 1 1.9 18
Bedstraw 15 28.8 7
Bearsfoot 4 7.7 15
Desmodium? sp. 1 1.9 18
Spurge 1 1.9 18
Morning Glory 1 1.9 18
Triosteum sp. 2 3.8 17
Tupelogum 3 5.8 16
Nightshade Family 5 9.6 14
=============================================
Note: Includes seed counts from all flotation
samples analyzed from the 1983-1986 seasons
except Feature 30.============================================================================================================================
Liters Number Total Jugland-
of of Plant Food Hickory Acorn Walnut Acorn aceae Peach Cucurbit Common
Feature Type Fill Features Remains Shell Shell Shell Meat Shell Pit Rind Maize Seeds Bean
============================================================================================================================
Burial Pits/Probable Burial Pits
Weight (g) 27.65 18.80 0.50 0.63 0.05 - 1.28 0.02 5.46 0.75 0.16
Percent 100 68 1.80 2.30 0.20 - 4.60 0.10 19.70 2.70 0.60
Totals 687 16
Mixed-Fill Pits and Basins
Weight (g) 138.17 104.27 4.30 1.99 6.03 0.27 5.06 * 12.53 3.47 0.25
Percent 100.10 75.50 3.10 1.40 4.40 0.20 3.70 * 9.10 2.50 0.20
Totals 905.5 30
Wall Trenches
Weight (g) 1.98 1.69 0.10 - - - 0.13 - 0.05 0.01 -
Precent 100.10 85.40 5.10 - - - 6.60 - 2.50 0.50 -
Totals 40 2
Charcoal-Filled Pits
Weight (g) 11.54 0.22 - - - - - - 11.32 - -
Percent 100 1.90 - - - - - - 98.10 - -
Totals 35 3
Fire Pit
Weight (g) 77.40 30.27 0.29 0.03 - - 2.22 - 43.59 0.56 0.44
Percent 100 39.10 0.40 * - - 2.90 - 56.30 0.70 0.60
All Features
Weight (g) 256.74 155.25 5.19 2.65 6.08 0.27 8.69 0.02 72.95 4.79 0.85
Percent 100 60.50 2 1 2.40 0.10 3.40 * 28.40 1.90 0.30
Totals 1807.50 52
============================================================================================================================
* - trace.========================================================
Total Percent of Total
Taxon Number Identified Seeds Rank
========================================================
Cultigens
Maize Kernels 540 53.8 1
Common Bean 16 1.6 9
Pepo 4 0.4 17
Watermelon 1 0.1 20
Fleshy Fruits
Persimmon 37 3.7 5
Maypops 64 6.4 3
Bramble 16 1.6 8
Grape 77 7.7 2
Sumac 15 1.5 9
Hawthorn 3 0.3 18
Huckleberry 13 1.3 11
Strawberry 3 0.3 18
Groundcherry 35 3.5 6
Elderberry 4 0.4 17
Vaccinium sp. 10 1.0 13
Nightshade 8 0.8 15
Viburnum? sp. 2 0.2 19
Grains/Weeds
Knotweed 10 1.0 13
Amaranth 1 0.1 20
Chenopod 19 1.9 19
Unidentified Legume 11 1.1 12
Unidentified Grass 13 1.3 11
Greens
Poke 9 0.9 14
Miscellaneous
Lespedeza? sp. 1 0.1 20
Wood Sorrel 1 0.1 20
Unidentified "A" 1 0.1 20
Bedstraw 56 5.6 4
Bearsfoot 5 0.5 16
Desmodium? sp. 1 0.1 20
Spurge 1 0.1 20
Morning Glory 2 0.2 19
Triosteum sp. 2 0.2 19
Tupelogum 14 1.4 10
Nightshade Family 9 0.9 14
Total 1004 100.2
======================================================
Note: Total percentage may vary due to rounding
error.