Tables
Table 9. Animal remains from the Wall Site (1983 and 1984 excavations).
Table 10. Animal remains from the Fredricks site (1983 and 1984 excavations).
Table 11. Expected and actual representation of deer skeletal elements (1983 and 1984 excavations).
Table 12. Estimated meat yield in pounds (1983 and 1984 excavations).
Figures: General
Figure 470. Bivariate plots of rank values for 12 animal species at the Wall and Fredricks sites.
The authors of Excavating Occaneechi Town (Web edition) recognize that, while all the information recovered in an archaeological excavation has scientific importance, it may be inappropriate to display or view some of that information, such as photographs of human bones, in a public or instructional context. Therefore, we have provided two versions of this edition. The Professional Version provides access to all of the information about the site; the Instructional Version provides access to all of the information except for photographs of human burials.
===================================================================================== Species Frag. % Frag. Wt.(g) % Wt. MNI % MNI ===================================================================================== Odocoileus virginianus, White-tailed Deer 4,731 15.64 13,305.50 61.42 36 12.50 Didelphis marsupialis, Opossum 23 .08 12.55 .06 1 .35 Sciurus carolinensis, Gray Squirrel 35 .12 5.18 .02 1 .35 Sciurus sp. 297 .98 16.47 .08 9 3.12 Procyon lotor, Raccoon 105 .35 51.85 .24 4 1.39 Sigmodon hispidus, Hispid Cotton Rat 24 .08 .90 .00 2 .69 Peromyscus leucopus, White-footed Mouse 22 .07 .63 .00 2 .69 Blarina brevicauda, Short-tailed Shrew 12 .04 5.40 .02 2 .69 Ursus americanus, Black bear 1 .00 21.70 .10 1 .35 Sylvilagus sp., Cottontail 86 .28 7.80 .04 4 1.39 Castor canadensis, Beaver 1 .00 1.30 .01 1 .35 Microtus pennsylvanicus, Meadow Vole 13 .04 .48 .00 2 .69 Glaucomys volans, Flying Squirrel 1 .00 .11 .00 1 .35 Tamias striatus, Chipmunk 1 .00 .10 .00 1 .35 Canidae, Wolf, Dog, Fox 4 .01 .30 .00 1 .35 Ondatra zibethecus, Muskrat 1 .00 .10 .00 1 .35 Unidentified Mammal 7,652 25.29 4,542.45 20.97 - - Meleagris gallapavo, Wild Turkey 103 .34 194.25 .90 3 1.04 Ectopistes migratorius, Passenger Pigeon 2 .00 .10 .00 1 .35 Colinus virginianus, Bobwhite 4 .01 .30 .00 1 .35 Cyanocitta cristata, Bluejay 4 .01 .27 .00 1 .35 Bubo virginianus, Great Horned Owl 1 .00 2.00 .00 1 .35 Unidentified Bird 514 1.70 126.07 .58 - - Terrapene carolina, Box Turtle 1,000 3.30 687.24 3.17 5 1.74 Chelydra serpentina, Snapping Turtle 8 .03 8.50 .04 1 .35 Chrysemys picta, Painted Turtle 6 .02 13.20 .06 1 .35 Kinosternon subrubrum, Mud Turtle 2 .00 0.20 .00 1 .35 Unidentified Turtle 1,261 4.17 249.88 1.15 - - Crotalid sp., Poisonous Snake 1 .00 .90 .00 1 .35 Unidentified Snake 666 2.20 27.14 .12 - - Scaphiopus holbrooki, Spadefoot Toad 1 .00 .10 .00 1 .35 Rana catesbeiana, Bullfrog 19 .06 .20 .00 1 .35 Rana sp., Frog 62 .20 3.19 .01 7 2.43 Bufo sp., Toad 25 .08 1.27 .00 4 1.39 Unidentified Amphibian - - - - - - Ictalurus sp., Catfish 194 .64 2.95 0.01 187 64.93 Catostomus sp., Suckers 10 .03 .55 .00 1 .35 Lepisosteus sp., Gar 8 .03 .34 .00 1 .35 Lepomis, Sunfish 3 .01 .30 .00 1 .35 Unidentified Fish 641 2.12 10.25 0.05 - - Sub-Total (Identified to Class) 17,545 57.99 19,302.02 89.10 - - Sub-Total (Unidentified) 12,712 42.01 2,361.62 10.90 - - Total 30,257 100.00 21,663.64 100.00 288 100.04 =====================================================================================
===================================================================================== Species Frag. % Frag. Wt.(g) % Wt. MNI % MNI ===================================================================================== Odocoileus virginianus, White-tailed Deer 1,134 6.92 4,227.34 44.30 9 6.34 Didelphis marsupialis, Opossum 1 .01 .30 .00 1 .70 Sciurus carolinensis, Gray Squirrel 8 .05 3.01 .03 2 1.41 Sciurus niger, Fox Squirrel 5 .03 1.73 .02 1 .70 Sciurus sp. 82 .50 4.58 .05 2 1.41 Procyon lotor, Raccoon 22 .13 11.04 .12 1 .70 Mephitis mephitis, Striped Skunk 1 .01 .70 .01 1 .70 Sigmodon hispidus, Hispid Cotton Rat 11 .07 .22 .00 2 1.41 Peromyscus leucopus, White-footed Mouse 29 .18 .29 .00 2 1.41 Blarina brevicauda, Short-tailed Shrew 1 .01 .01 .00 1 .70 Ursus americanus, Black bear 10 .06 90.60 .95 1 .70 Equus caballus, Horse 1 .01 22.70 .24 1 .70 Sus scrofa, Pig 1 .01 24.50 .26 1 .70 Felis concolor, Mountain Lion 1 .01 2.50 .03 1 .70 Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Gray Fox 38 .23 3.60 .04 1 .70 Canis familiaris, Dog 5 .03 .10 .00 1 .70 Unidentified Mammal 3,487 21.27 2,332.57 24.45 - - Meleagris gallapavo, Wild Turkey 148 .90 221.81 2.32 4 2.82 Ectopistes migratorius, Passenger Pigeon 47 .29 18.76 .20 6 4.22 Charadriidae, Plovers 1 .01 .10 .00 1 .70 Fringillidae, Sparrows 7 .04 .15 .00 2 1.41 Colinus virginianus, Bobwhite 3 .02 .11 .00 1 .70 Centurus carolinus, Red-bellied Woodpecker 1 .01 .02 .00 1 .70 Anatidae, Duck 2 .01 1.70 .02 1 .70 Aytha affinis, Lesser Scaup 7 .04 2.50 .03 1 .70 Unidentified Bird 374 2.28 72.66 .76 - - Terrapene carolina, Box Turtle 1,065 6.50 1,013.73 10.62 10 7.04 Chelydra serpentina, Snapping Turtle 2 .01 18.90 .20 1 .70 Chrysemys picta, Painted Turtle 3 .02 8.00 .08 1 .70 Sternothaerus oderatus, Musk Turtle 3 .02 .60 .01 1 .70 Kinosternon subrubrum, Mud Turtle 6 .04 .63 .01 3 2.11 Unidentified Turtle 1,090 6.65 244.38 2.56 - - Crotalid sp., Poisonous Snake 2 .01 1.56 .02 1 .70 Unidentified Snake 226 1.38 10.05 .10 - - Scaphiopus holbrooki, Spadefoot Toad 31 .19 .63 .01 3 2.11 Rana sp., Frog 60 .37 2.92 .03 4 2.82 Bufo sp., Toad 1 .01 .80 .01 1 .70 Unidentified Amphibian - - - - - - Ictalurus sp., Catfish 72 .44 1.80 .02 69 48.59 Catostomus sp., Suckers 57 .35 1.36 .01 1 .70 Lepisosteus sp., Gar 48 .29 1.56 .01 1 .70 Lepomis sp., Sunfish 7 .04 .58 .01 1 .70 Unidentified Fish 543 3.31 12.11 .13 - - Sub-Total (Identified to Class) 8,643 52.76 8,363.21 87.66 - - Sub-Total (Unidentified) 7,750 47.28 1,178.30 12.35 - - Total 16,393 100.04 9,541.51 100.01 142 99.90 =====================================================================================
==========================================================================
Expected Wall Site Fredricks Site
Element Frequency/Individuals (36 Individuals) (9 Individuals)
==========================================================================
Occipital 1 11.1 22.2
Frontal 2 4.2 11.1
Hyoid, half 2 1.4 11.1
Mandible, half 2 56.9 61.1
Maxilla 2 23.6 33.3
Atlas 1 11.1 0.0
Axis 1 38.9 33.3
Cervical 3-7 Vertebrae 5 23.3 8.9
Thoracic Vertebrae 13 8.1 17.1
Lumbar Vertebrae 6 24.5 86.1
Sacrum 1 16.7 11.1
Scapula 2 77.8 88.9
Humerus, proximal 2 20.8 44.4
Humerus, distal 2 87.5 100.0
Radius, proximal 2 47.2 61.1
Radius, distal 2 15.3 55.6
Ulna 2 47.2 66.7
Metacarpal, proximal 2 13.9 94.4
Innominate 2 95.8 83.3
Femur, proximal 2 44.4 66.7
Femur, distal 2 37.5 72.2
Tibia, proximal 2 48.6 72.2
Tibia, distal 2 4.2 66.7
Patella 2 11.1 5.6
Metatarsal, proximal 2 45.8 77.8
Metatarsal, distal 4 33.3 72.2
Astragalus 2 27.8 66.7
Calcaneum 2 30.6 94.4
Proximal Phalanx 8 17.4 54.2
Second Phalanx 8 8.3 27.8
Distal Phalanx 8 16.3 23.6
=================================================================================================================================================
Estimated Meat
Yield/Individual Wall Site Fredricks Site
Species (lbs.) lbs. % lbs. %
=========================================================================
White-tailed Deer 85.0 3,060.0 82.3 765.0 58.2
Opossum 8.5 8.5 0.2 8.5 0.6
Gray Squirrel 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.2
Fox Squirrel 1.5 - - 1.5 0.1
Squirrel sp. 1.2 10.8 0.3 2.4 0.2
Raccoon 15.0 60.0 1.6 15.0 1.1
Hispid Cotton Rat 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0
White-footed Deer Mouse * - - - -
Short-tailed Shrew * - - - -
Meadow Vole * - - - -
Flying Squirrel 0.1 0.1 0.0 - -
Black Bear 210.0 210.0 5.6 210.0 16.0
Rabbit 2.0 8.0 0.2 - -
Beaver 31.5 31.5 0.8 - -
Pig 75.0 - - 75.0 5.7
Dog 6.0 - - 6.0 0.4
Mountain Lion 60.0 - - 60.0 4.6
Muskrat 2.0 2.0 0.0 - -
Gray Fox 5.0 - - 5.0 0.4
Chipmunk * - - - -
Total Mammal - 3,392.3 91.0 1,150.6 87.5
Turkey 8.5 25.5 0.7 34.0 2.6
Passenger Pigeon 0.7 0.7 0.0 4.2 0.3
Plover * - - - -
Sparrow * - - - -
Bobwhite 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0
Red-bellied Woodpecker * - - - -
Bluejay 0.1 0.1 0.0 - -
Lesser Scaup 1.0 - - 1.0 0.1
Great Horned Owl 2.0 2.0 0.0 - -
Unidentified Duck 1.0 - - 1.0 1.0
Total Bird - 28.6 0.7 40.5 3.1
Frog * - - - -
Toad * - - - -
Spadefoot Toad * - - - -
Total Amphibian - - - - -
Box Turtle 0.3 1.5 0.0 3.0 0.2
Snapping Turtle 10.0 10.0 0.3 10.0 0.8
Painted Turtle 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0
Musk Turtle 0.3 - - 0.3 0.0
Mud Turtle 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.1
Snakes 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0
Total Reptile - 12.3 0.3 14.7 1.1
Catfish 1.5 280.5 7.5 103.5 7.9
Sunfish 1.0 1.0 - 1.0 0.1
Gar 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.1
Suckers 4.0 4.0 0.1 4.0 0.3
Total Fish - 286.5 7.6 109.5 8.4
Total - 3,719.7 99.6 1,315.3 100.1
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* - less than .05.